6. The Value/Danger Of Wealth. These Few Words By John

6. The value/danger of wealth These few words by John Chrysostom â€Å"Nothing is more fallacious than wealth. It is hostile comrade, a domestic enemy.† after reading The Great Gatsby. During Twenties, the nation’s wealth doubled. Was wealth the greatest â€Å"happiness† to pursue? The impact of wealth can display one’s true identity. In The Great Gatsby, wealth directly reflected the success of a person, but the pursuit of opulence twisted foundation of the American dream by resulting in greediness. Money enticed people into accomplishing a directive due to its great worth, which could potentially result in good consequences or bad consequences. Wealth can bring about high values and through those high values it could pose the threat of†¦show more content†¦This is experienced in the book when Gatsby’s father was touring the house â€Å"his pride in his son and his son’s possessions was continually increasing† (Fitzge rald 172). That through his son’s money this was bringing him happiness, but this source of happiness was not the case for Gatsby. The value of wealth here accentuated the great danger of temporary happiness. Gatsby was known as one of the wealthiest men in this book. But how did he gain all of his money? Throughout the book, Gatsby’s history is revealed. Before his wealth, he was a soldier in the war, which provided a low income. Daisy, who was Tom’s wife and had a previous relationship with Gatsby, left him because of his lack of wealth or income. Daisy was pursuing happiness through money. Her pursuit for love was based on how much money one had. Gatsby experiences a broken sense of happiness through Daisy’s marriage to Tom driven by her desire for wealth. In The Great Gatsby there was two different ways that wealth was gained - either inherited, the East Egg, or made, the West Egg. Many rumors pointed toward Gatsby gaining his wealth by being a bootlegger, a person who illegally smuggles drugs. At one of Gatsby’s parties, a group of people were gathering and talking about Gatsby and how â€Å"’He’s a bootlegger’† (Fitzg erald 61). It was later confirmed by Tom Buchanan that GatsbyShow MoreRelatedThe Theology Of The United Methodist Church1050 Words   |  5 Pagestheology, experiencing God’s love through God’s people, absorbing the word from the biblical sermons, the creeds, and the hymns as we sung our faith together. My formation in The United Methodist Church was centered upon the Bible, the primary source of Christian belief and theological exploration. The Scriptures contain all things necessary for salvation. John Wesley stated â€Å"the substance of the entire Bible is summed up in two plain words-faith and salvation.† The Bible reveals God, enables us to developRead MoreEssay on Cinemas Role in Society1719 Words   |  7 Pagesinteract. 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This circular logic is directly spoken of a few times, but is also seen in logic and actions throughout the book. 2. Genre: Catch-22 is often viewed as an antiromantic war novel, throwing out all the frill and romance found in many war novels at the time. Catch-22 is also considered satire, as wellRead MoreWewewewewe6226 Words   |  25 Pagesprice tag on a it. But if we really had to, most of us would agree that the value of a human life would be in the millions. Consistent with the foundations of our democracy and our frequently professed belief in the inherent dignity of human beings, we would also agree that all humans are created equal, at least to the extent of denying that differences of sex, ethnicity, nationality and place of residence change the value of a human life. Q. and A. 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Rhetorical Analysis Of Obama s Victory Speech - 1245 Words

Rhetorical Analysis of Obama’s Victory Speech This speech was given by Barack Obama who won 2012 election as the president. I’m going to analysis his voice, audience, speaker’s message and occasion for the speech. Different angle, different view can show all the Obama’s rhetorical words in his victory speech. In 2012, this is Barack Obama’s second inaugural. He had greatest way to put all the rhetorical words in his speech. It was one of the best of his speech so far. Rhetoric was made in fifth century B.C. Greek and achieves prosperity in the era of classical Athens democracy reached its zenith. No matter in the rally, litigation and public place, rhetorical skills has been widely applied. Especially in the right to get the governance of the countries, successful rhetorical use is more decisive. It will directly affect the decision making and the future of the country. The speech activity is an important activity in human social activities. Speech language to express the communicative effect play s a very important role. Political speech refers to a political leader’s speech on the assembly, to review on political issues. The purpose of political speeches is mainly for the decision-making of influence assembly. Rhetorical of speech is the main content of the speech style, the way to using it is directly related to the artistic techniques and expressive force and appeal of the speech. In the victory speech seems like more matches to the resident’s daily life. His allShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Obama s Victory Speech1181 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Obama’s Victory Speech Introduction: Barack Obama was re-elected as President of the U.S on November 6th, 2012. Barack Obama held his Victory Speech on the following day. This essay will analyze and comment on an excerpt of that exacting Victory Speech and the solution focus of the criticism will be on the Rhetorical belongings of the Speech. By using numerous forms of Rhetorical apparatus like Anaphora or Tautology, Barack Obama controls to offer a Speech that is full of AmericanRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of President Obama s Speech1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn his 2009 Inaugural Address, President Barack Obama gave an impassioned speech filled with extended metaphors along the lines of movement, travel, and a journey. In fact, much of his economic language throughout the first 100 days of his presidency followed this theme. Obama’s use of these metaphors served to characterize the economic crisis, unite the American people, and frame his perspective on the role of the presidency. Thus, through a nalysis of his rhetoric, we learn that metaphors reallyRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Obamas Victory Speech831 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Obama`s Victory Speech The presidential victory speech delivered by Barack Obama who is the president to be was held on November 4, 2008, in Grant Park, Chicago. 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Social Marketing and Innovation Trends

Questions: 1. What type of journals I can address to frame my literature review? 2. Do I need to use the idea that I have established in the literature review in part B of my report.? Answers: Introduction The aim of the paper is to understand the issue of malnutrition in children and develop practical application of models, approaches, and techniques in "social marketing" to the identified social problem. The paper discusses how the social marketing plan was developed to promote healthy eating behavior among children and eliminate the issue of children malnutrition using the social marketing framework developed by the commercial marketers. Literature Review A rich literature is available highlighting a high rate of malnutrition among Australian children (Haynes et al. 2016). According to Rosen et al. (2014), many children in Australia have adopted the broad spectrum of different diets as this country has high cultural diversity. The present trends of children diet reflect a gross overconsumption of fast food and saturated fats habitually. A very low percentage of children in Australia are consuming nutrient dense food. The results of poor nutrition include obesity, anemia, vitamin and mineral deficiency diseases (Morris et al. 2016). The reports of Brindal et al. (2014) showed the nutritional consequences of the diet rich in fast food. The study executed focused on the fast food purchasing behavior of the Australian children above ten years. The results showed that 28.3% of this children consumed ready-to-eat fast food once in a week. It further found that the 80.3% the respondents consumed fast food diet in 6 months of the serving taking place. However, the study does not emphasize or recommend any model for promoting healthy eating behavior among children. Brindal et al. (2014) studied that the popular children fast food chains such as McDonald's, Dominos, and Hungary jacks offer food with little nutritional value and high-calorie content. The junior meal of Hungary Jack containing Whopper Junior, small chips and a medium Coke has 30.5g of fat content and 3147KJ calories. With the increase in fast food chain restaurants and being readily available there is a greater shift towards consuming pre-prepared meals. T here is a cultural acceptance of fast food in Australia. A similar study by ODea and Dibley (2014) highlighted that as per the National food intake data many children between the age 10-18 years intake very few servings of foods rich in nutrition such as dairy foods, green vegetables, fruits and whole grains. Further, the study highlighted that the children are consuming foods rich in sugars, sodium, and fats more than the recommended servings. As per the study results, these dietary pattern prevents children from taking vital nutrients. Consequently, it is increasing the risk of chronic disease such as type II diabetes. In Australia, the new cases of type 2 diabetes in 2014 in children (10-14 years) was found to be 3 in 100,000 populations and for children of 15-19 years was found to be 8 in 100,000. Grube et al. (2013) described eating habits healthy or unhealthy once developed in childhood are established by the age of 15, and in due course it becomes habitual. Due to increasing consumption of fast food, there is a growing number of overweight and obese children in Australia. These children continue to stay overweight and obese in adulthood. Further, the study by Olds et al. (2013) highlighted that the children of obese parents remain obese and continue to ignore the importance of healthy eating behavior or staying fit. Some Australian researchers have studied that absence of nutrient dense food is associated with mental illness although the exact relationship was not known. In a large-scale study conducted in Western Australia it was found that the people who highly consumed a western dietary pattern in their childhood that mainly comprised of soft drinks, fast food, confectionary, full fat dairy products; and refined grains commonly had high scores of psychological symptoms s uch withdrawal, aggression and depression (Miller et al. 2014). These studies found that people who have consumed healthy dietary pattern which comprises of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains in their childhood had the lower percentage of psychological symptoms. A similar study by Forbes et al. (2015) revealed that children having breakfast consisting three or more food groups were found with better mental health scores in the adolescence. Researchers investigated that fortified breakfast cereals, milk, and bread are a good source of vitamins, calcium, and other nutrients that enhance the brain function (Choo 2016). As per Burns et al. (2015), the Public Health and the Nutritional Organisational Study the lower socioeconomic groups within Australia have inferior nutritional standards. Random households were selected from Melbourne for this study. It investigated the correlation between the fast food consumption and the financial condition. According to the results 330 households out of 2500 examined were found experiencing the financial crisis. Consequently, these families opted for fast food alternatives instead of healthy food. The study recommended making available health food alternatives at a lower price. Christopher Grant (2015) studied nutritional habits of Aboriginal Australians, and the results showed that 11% of children (2-14) in this community are malnourished and underweight and 35% between 15-18 years are obese. A similar study by Dyer et al. (2015) showed that 85% of these Indigenous children do not intake recommended quantity of vegetables. Another redeeming nutritional factor fo r these groups of children is the physical activity which is more than the required daily average hours. However, the level of physical activity is not balanced with the dietary consumption. Moreover, Indigenous Australians were found with the higher prevalence of Overweight and Obesity. Roberto and Kawachi (2014) argued that most healthy eating campaigns are not successful as they fail to lack elements necessary to induce behavioural change in children. These campaigns mainly help parents in understanding the significance of nutrient dense food in early life. It suggested a need of psychology and behavioural economy to promote healthyeating Based on the literature review it can be concluded that eating habits and patterns in childhood highly correlate with behaviors in the adulthood. Malnutrition in children is a burning problem in Australia. The increasing depth of nutritional concerns warrants large-scale interventions. Therefore, interventions for child malnutrition must focus on behavior change in childhood. There is a need to promote healthy eating behavior in children. Social Marketing Plan In this project, the social marketing plan aims to gain extensive knowledge on the targeted audience. Based on this knowledge a nutrient dense food promoting program for the children is developed the concepts of which can be applied to a broad range of social conditions and health behaviours. Social marketing refers to planning, implementing and evaluating programs developed to bring about a change in the health behaviors that is efficient and sustainable using techniques developed by the commercial marketers (Tobey et al. 2016). This study uses the exchange theory for the purpose of social marketing. The exchange theory refers to voluntary exchange of resources between the consumers and the providers which is necessary for true marketing to occur (Baker and Saren 2016). Further, the study implements four Ps of marketing which are Product, Price, Place, and promotions. In this project, the term Product refers to "behavior change" among the target audience. It refers to the competition relate to the product, the benefits associated with the change in the unhealthy eating behavior among the children, and the needs that the product can fulfill. The team Price refers to the cost that each target audience has to pay regarding effort, lifestyle, money, to engage in the desired behavior change. The term places refer to the perceptions of the target members regarding the place where the products are available or if any barriers are associated with it. The term promotion refers to communication with the target audience regarding the products through a combination of media relations, personal selling, advertising and entertainment (Grnroos 2016). Using standard practices, the study conducted focus group interviews for collecting information from the children (Dilshad and Latif 2013.). The respondents were asked to describe their perceptions about the consequences of eating nutritional food. They were further asked to state the barriers of taking nutrient dense food such as the low-fat dairy food, green leafy vegetables, and whole grains. The interview further focused on the children's preferences in learning about healthy eating behavior and food nutrition. The descriptive information was collected from low-income middle schools students (34) between 11-14 years in Melbourne. The process involved a moderator, two adults, and co-moderator in all the discussion. The interview process was guided by the Extension nutrition specialists. The study included seven focus groups categorized based on grades and gender. The interview process was collected in School, and for each focus group, it lasted for 55 minutes and fully audiotaped . The data in the form of transcripts were codified according to the method discussed in (Silverman 2016). The questions (Appendix) developed using the four Ps methods to the social program were used to summarize the results. From the product related information it was found that most of the participants enjoyed eating fast food due to their satisfaction of food carvings and highly enjoyed the taste of the fast food. Most of the participants loved to eat chocolates, fruits milk, and yogurt. Very few participants enjoyed eating vegetables. The reason for this behavior based on the information provided by the students include convenience in eating yogurt, and fruits, familiarity with the food, and abatement of hunger (mainly found in boys and is not associated with the specific group of foods) and improved physical and scholastic performance associated with whole grains and dairy food. When asked to state generalized benefits of eating vegetables most of them answered in vague terms such as "it is healthy," "they are good for our body." Most common answer derived from the students includes consumption of dairy foods, and calcium-containing beverages lead to strong bones and teeth. No psychological benefits were found from other food groups. It was found that it was difficult for the children to describe what healthy eating is and its benefits. When the participants were asked about stating the cost associated with changing their eating behaviour into healthier one the responses indicated unpleasant taste due to deeply coloured vegetables and non-fat milk. Further, cost issues are high inconvenience in cooking whole grain foods and vegetables as it requires more time and effort, lack of familiarity with low-fat dairy food and other vegetables, dry texture and coarseness of whole grains and unpleasant taste associated with most vegetables (mainly among girls) and milk. Based on the response it is evident that the participants do not perceive that the cost associated with the change in eating behavior is a fair exchange. The recommendations suggested by the respondents for minimizing the cost associated with healthy eating includes- adding chocolate to milk, honey to whole grains, hot sauce or butter to bread, vegetables, cooked cereals, and cheese to vegetables and cereals. Further, the participants suggested that the unplea sant taste of certain food groups can be altered or disguised by serving them with most preferred food groups for example serving cookies with milk and bread, adding vegetables to soup, having cereal or bread with milk. Place related barriers affecting healthy eating choices in these children include misperceptions that nutrient dense food is less available than the fast food, food choices were limited to that purchased by their parents, and items available in the local market, food cooked by the cafeteria workers and food served by their parents in their house. Therefore the two strategies to reduce the barriers associated with place includes changing the food purchasing habits of others particularly parent and improve their food preparation skills and as well as of children as per Woodruff and Kirby (2013). To know the level of interest of the children with regards to food advertisements they were asked to state their preferences when communicating about food products. Most of the participants answered that they like to consume food that is good to taste, visually appealing, readily available, half cooked or ready to eat, convenient to purchase and have high familiarity. Participants described tha t they enjoyed food advertisements that contained humor, the element of surprises that exaggerated everyday occurrences, and informing heath consequences. These participants commonly preferred music videos, radio contests, computer games, cooking shows, as a means of communicating health messages. They mentioned that they mainly receive health and nutrition-related messages from their parents and enjoyed to learn from classmates and when demonstrated by school teachers. They showed a high preference for the school cafeteria, libraries, in health centers, clinics, movie halls, and community parks for receiving the nutrient education. Since the required descriptive information is obtained, the next step is to develop a market plan for increasing the consumption of the nutrient dense food among children in Australia. Firstly, calcium containing food and beverages will be targeted which contains personal benefits such as taste enjoyment, readily available, specific psychological benefits, and convenient. Therefore, the product strategy is to position nutrient dense food as the substitute for other competitors for example substituting sodas with orange juices containing calcium or sweets with flavoured yogurt (Roberto and Kawachi 2014). The target audiences are highly likely to adopt healthy eating behavior if varieties of food items in the product line are available. With more number of calcium-rich food products entering the market, the product line is expanding (Bigliardi and Galati 2013). Secondly, the pricing strategy aims to implement cost minimizing strategies suggested by the respondents to multivitamin conta ining foods and beverages. Further, food products that will mainly be targeted are those having fewer cost issues such as flavored yogurt. Thirdly, the placement strategy for the product includes increasing the accessibility, availability, and visibility of the food products mentioned by the respondents keeping in view the nutrient factor, cost, availability, taste and other preferences of the students. For occasions where the targeted audiences prepare their food the strategy is to promote dishes that are simple to prepare and less time consuming, for example, cream soups, and puddings rich vitamins and minerals (Wingert et al. 2014). The promotional strategy for the products includes delivering messages that the foods and beverages containing calcium are highly tasty and readily available. The rationale is to enhance the eating behavior change among the targeted children. The strategy is to contrast the significance of required calcium consumption during the adolescent growth spurt with the prevalence of inadequate calcium intake among children." To demonstrate the importance of the calcium rich food products, the materials/media incorporates three-dimensional models, simple texts, graphs, and funny images depicting how calcium strengthens bone and consequences of inadequate calcium on health (Naderer et al. 2016). Provide nutrient education to children in their preferred locations and guide them to use Food Guide Pyramid" particularly the group containing milk, cheese, yogurt and other study materials that will help the children to identify calcium and iron rich foods (Wingert et al. 2014). Engage children after school in activities that demonstrate the health importance of vitamins and minerals. Develop a sustainable program for nutrient education in schools using teachers as delivery channels and further promotions through cafeteria and classroom activities. Involve family members in the homework assignments (Roberto and Kawachi 2014). Conclusion The paper illustrated the way of using the social marketing plan to collect information from schoolchildren for developing a healthy eating program. Social marketing is a useful tool for extension educators for changing health behavior in people and can be adapted for any target audience. The strategy statement is to increase the consumption of nutrient rich food in school children by changing their misperception about the cost and benefits associated with consuming nutrient dense food. Enhance childrens familiarity with food products that is nutritious, tasty, and convenient to cook, less preparation time and use media and materials popular in the target audience. Increase awareness of nutrient dense food among children, parents, and teachers through nutrient education programs and demonstrate the importance of healthy eating and skills required to adopt such behavior. References Baker, M.J. and Saren, M. eds., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Bigliardi, B. and Galati, F., 2013. Innovation trends in the food industry: the case of functional foods.Trends in Food Science Technology,31(2), pp.118-129. Brindal, E., Wilson, C., Mohr, P. and Wittert, G., 2014. Nutritional consequences of a fast food eating occasion are associated with choice of quick?service restaurant chain.Nutrition Dietetics,71(3), pp.184-192. Burns, C., Bentley, R., Thornton, L. and Kavanagh, A., 2015. Associations between the purchase of healthy and fast foods and restrictions to food access: a cross-sectional study in Melbourne, Australia.Public health nutrition,18(01), pp.143-150. Choo, C., 2016. THE HEALTH OF ABORIGINAL CHILDREN IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA.Aboriginal Children, History and Health: Beyond Social Determinants. Christopher Grant, L. (2015). Influences on food and lifestyle choices for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: an Aboriginal perspective. [online] Ses.library.usyd.edu.au. Available at: https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/12551 [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017]. Dilshad, R.M. and Latif, M.I., 2013. Focus group interview as a tool for qualitative research: An analysis.Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS),33(1), pp.191-198. Dyer, S.M., Gomersall, J.S., Smithers, L.G., Davy, C., Coleman, D.T. and Street, J.M., 2015. Prevalence and Characteristics of Overweight and Obesity in Indigenous Australian Children: A Systematic Review.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, (just-accepted), pp.00-00. Forbes, D.A. and Brewster, D.R., 2015. Extending supplementary nutrition in malnutrition: more is better?.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition,60(4), pp.424-425. Grnroos, C., 2016. Modern Marketingand.Marketing in Evolution: Essays in Honour of Michael J. Baker, p.14. Grube, M., Bergmann, S., Keitel, A., Herfurth-Majstorovic, K., Wendt, V., von Klitzing, K. and Klein, A.M., 2013. Obese parentsobese children? Psychological-psychiatric risk factors of parental behavior and experience for the development of obesity in children aged 03: study protocol.BMC public health,13(1), p.1. Haynes, A., Kalic, R., Cooper, M., Hewitt, J.K. and Davis, E.A., 2016. Increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children in Western Australia, 1990-2012.The Medical journal of Australia,204(8), p.303. Miller, L., Bronson, M., Fountaine, J., Simmonds, C., James, K., Ward, W., Murphy, A., Senaratne, S. and Lawrence, R., 2014. An audit of patients with severe malnutrition secondary to eating disorders in Western Australia-a legacy of underinvestment in comprehensive care of youths and adults with eating disorders?.Journal of Eating Disorders,2(1), p.1. Morris, N.F., Stewart, S., Riley, M.D. and Maguire, G.P., 2016. The Indigenous Australian Malnutrition Project: the burden and impact of malnutrition in Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander hospital inpatients, and validation of a malnutrition screening tool for use in hospitalsstudy rationale and protocol.SpringerPlus,5(1), p.1296. Naderer, B., Matthes, J., Marquart, F. and Mayrhofer, M., 2016. Children's attitudinal and behavioral reactions to product placements: investigating the role of placement frequency, placement integration, and parental mediation.International Journal of Advertising, pp.1-20. ODea, J.A. and Dibley, M.J., 2014. Prevalence of obesity, overweight and thinness in Australian children and adolescents by socioeconomic status and ethnic/cultural group in 2006 and 2012.International journal of public health,59(5), pp.819-828. Olds, T., Thomas, S., Lewis, S. and Petkov, J., 2013. Clustering of attitudes towards obesity: a mixed methods study of Australian parents and children.International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity,10(1), p.1. Roberto, C.A. and Kawachi, I., 2014. Use of psychology and behavioral economics to promote healthy eating.American journal of preventive medicine,47(6), pp.832-837. Rosen, L.D., Lim, A.F., Felt, J., Carrier, L.M., Cheever, N.A., Lara-Ruiz, J.M., Mendoza, J.S. and Rokkum, J., 2014. Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits.Computers in human behavior,35, pp.364-375. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Tobey, L.N., Koenig, H.F., Brown, N.A. and Manore, M.M., 2016. Reaching Low-Income Mothers to Improve Family Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Food Hero Social Marketing CampaignResearch Steps, Development and Testing.Nutrients,8(9), p.562. Wingert, K., Zachary, D.A., Fox, M., Gittelsohn, J. and Surkan, P.J., 2014. Child as change agent. The potential of children to increase healthy food purchasing.Appetite,81, pp.330-336. Woodruff, S.J. and Kirby, A.R., 2013. The associations among family meal frequency, food preparation frequency, self-efficacy for cooking, and food preparation techniques in children and adolescents.Journal of nutrition education and behavior,45(4), pp.296-303.

Ruths Character in the Old Testament

There are a lot of stories in the Old Testament that chronicle the actions of God’s faithful servants. One of these is the story of Ruth. Loyalty, faithfulness, and obedience are some of the aspects displayed by the character of Ruth. Although Ruth is not an Israelite, her perseverance and persistence eventually, get her a place in the genealogy of Jesus.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ruth’s Character in the Old Testament specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This Old Testament character offers a lot of lessons to Bible scholars and Christians alike. Some of these include those of redemption and divinity. A review of her character will shed light on aspects that can be correlated to a Christian’s day-to-day life. Ruth was a Moabite woman and Naomi’s daughter in law. Naomi was a woman who had escaped famine from Bethlehem with her husband and two sons. When in Moab her husband and two son s die leaving behind two young widows. One of these widows is Ruth. When the famine is over in Bethlehem and Naomi decides to go back, Ruth insists on following her. She declares her loyalty to Naomi by saying, â€Å"your people shall be my people, your God my God, and where you will die I will die†. (New Jerusalem Bible, Ruth. 1.16–17) After both women return to Bethlehem, Ruth looks for her daily bread by gleaning in the fields of a man named Boaz. He shows a lot of kindness to Ruth and is very appreciative of her service to Naomi. Boaz’s kindness is partly due to the fact that he is Naomi’s relative. After a while, Ruth is advised by Naomi to seek marriage to Boaz. In doing so, Ruth would ensure her husband’s bloodline continues and be able to claim her inheritance. Eventually, Boaz takes Ruth as his wife. The two of them bear a son and name him Obed. This son became David’s grandfather. Obed is also an ancestor of Jesus as detailed in th e first chapter in the book of Matthew. This makes Ruth one of the few gentile characters in the Old Testament that were integrated with Jews and had great significance. Ruth’s character is an exemplary one and is enviable in many ways. For instance, right from the beginning Ruth had the option of going back to her people and remarrying. However, her loyalty to her mother in law overcomes this urge. She was willing to follow Naomi to a foreign land. By doing this, she forfeited her chance to get married again, her gods, her own people, and her position in this society, among other privileges. Because she was a gentile, she also risked being rejected by the Israelites. Her loyalty may have stemmed from the admiration she had for Naomi and her ways.Advertising Looking for report on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ruth’s character also reveals the obedience she had for her mother in law. She trus ted her advice and obeyed her orders. This included obeying the customs followed by the Israelites at that time. By doing so, Ruth might have found favor in God’s eyes. Her place as David and Messiah’s ancestor is testament to this. This obedience also appeals to Boaz the man who later marries her. Another Godly character found in Ruth is love. The love she has for her mother in law is immense. This love is portrayed by Ruth’s care for Naomi. Even when she had the chance to pursue her own endeavors, she chose to care for Naomi. This fact was well known throughout the town as it was said Ruth gave Naomi the service of seven sons. It can also be assumed that she had the same love for Naomi’s God. Her diligence and hard work paints a picture of a woman who took actions in the hope that God will bless her. Right from the start Ruth knew it was upon her to fend for her mother in law. Later her diligence pays off as God helps her out of her initial poverty. She also gains a piece of land as her inheritance (Nielsen 24). There are many lessons that can be learnt from Ruth’s character. One of such is the fact that God rewards those who make great sacrifices. If one chooses to honor and follow the Lord, He in turn bestows great things to him/her. Ruth gave up a lot. In the end, her sacrifice is rewarded. Another lesson is that God’s blessings are not restricted to color and race. From the story of Ruth, it is clear that God blesses whomever he chooses to bless. Personally, I can relate to Ruth’s character. It is only after I chose to give up worldly pleasures that I started witnessing good things in my personal life. In the beginning, it seemed like following in the Lord’s footsteps was an effort in futility. However, a few years down the line my education and personal life are better than they were before I made the sacrifice. One may be of the opinion that making sacrifices is a restraining endeavor. However, it has now become clear to me that making sacrifices may be a gateway to better things in life. Works Cited Nielsen, Kirsten. Ruth: A Commentary, Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997. Print. The New Jerusalem Bible. Ed. Susan Jones. New York: Doubleday, 1985. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ruth’s Character in the Old Testament specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report on Ruth’s Character in the Old Testament was written and submitted by user Lailah Leon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Case For The Defence InDepth Review essays

The Case For The Defence InDepth Review essays My fascination with the Judicial System Structure of today's society was furthered and strengthened after reading and analyzing the works of Edward Greenspan. This superbly written biography recollecting past cases and important events in Greenspan's life allowed myself, the reader, to learn more about Jurisprudence and the Criminal Code. The entire casebook revolves around several main themes including the balance of Positive & Natural influences in the courtroom, whether a lawyer's consience intervenes with his duty as a counsellor, and the alarming rate of perjury occuring in front of the juries. To be more concise and clear to the point, Greenspan's book is a diary of controversial and beneficial issues which have hovered around our criminal courts and will continue to plague and pester them for years to come. By observing and understanding certain issues presented in his book, I was able to comprehend what type of person Greenspan is, what he believes in, what he represents and what he would do for his profession. The wheels of Jurisprudence are always turning, and I came to realise how Greenspan worked and bargained for his status in the country to be solidified. This book also flourished with innovative situations pertaining to the most diversified of criminal charges, to the most uncanny regions of law ever dealt. It was this thorough look at Greenspan's life which impressed this reviewer the most. It was quite clear that after the fourth page, I came upon the conclusion that this casebook would create a most influential reaction to anyone who had displayed any interest towards our Law system in general. Part One of the novel, No Little Clients, presents the reader with the author's proposed thesis. His ambition is to defend innocent people accused of crimes. Whether they are innocent or guilty without being proven guilty is irrelevant to Mr. Greenspan. A lawyer's consience must not be his deciding factor when advising or couns...

Tentative and Tenterhooks

Tentative and Tenterhooks Tentative and Tenterhooks Tentative and Tenterhooks By Maeve Maddox The other day I listened to a radio interview in which the subject continually pronounced the word tentative without one of its ts. Tentative has three ts: ten-ta-tive (not ten-a-tive). Another t word that often has its medial t messed with is tenterhook. Its an old word derived from cloth-making, but it remains current in the expression to be on tenterhooks, i.e., to be in a state of painful suspense. Ive heard people say tenderhooks. Tentative derives from Latin tentatus, a form of the verb tentare, to feel, to try. Its another form of temptare, to feel, to try, to test. which gives us the English word temptation. A tenter was a wooden framework for stretching cloth. It derives from Latin tentus, stretched. A tenter hook held the cloth on the tenter. Some will argue that these pronunciations are merely differences of region or dialect. Whatever the cause, pronouncing them that way leads to misspelling them and misspelled words damage the writers credibility. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsStory Writing 10110 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Corking of life Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corking of life - Term Paper Example It is what makes a person unique and governs how a person grew in the womb and how they appear in old age. Until then, a few people had the chance to see their genome and understand it. The movie proceeds to analyze how the genome sequence can be extracted cheaply and affordable to anyone. A number of persons with genetic disorders like Alexis who fell down most of the time got assisted with whole genome sequencing. There exists the possibility of integrating a person’s genetic sequence into Smartphone or tablet. The tablet gives a report when booted of a person’s genetic code on thousands of genes that spell out a person’s body instructions (Cracking the Code of Life 00: 47). The genes, when deciphered, reveal a persons risk for one disease after another, the ones a person can get and the inheritable ones. Getting the knowledge of person’s genome characteristics helps them understand the living processes, intervene, and take control of their life’s unprecedented events. In future, the video reveals a new kind of personalized medicine based on their genetic code, one that predicts risks of diseases, and enable prevention of these diseases with the information before they appear. The movie reveals a story of Andrew, a stroke patient. Andrew is a five-year-old child who has no idea of his condition. The condition started with high fevers and joint pains. A stroke then followed in July, which was his first. He had another two instances of suffering a stroke in October and another in November. The November stroke required a brain surgery. After the surgery, Andrew still got a fifth stroke. Andrews’s parents have contacted a number of health specialists, but none of them has been able to diagnose Andrews’s condition based on the symptoms. The health specialists prescribed Andrew with immune-suppressing steroids and chemotherapy, which he visits irregularly, but none seems to work out. Andrews’s pediatrician, Dr. Vora Sheetal, at the

Literature and Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Literature and Community - Essay Example Faulkner introduces Miss Emily Grierson as a woman who has been strictly contained within the boundaries of her father’s old Southern ideals. â€Å"None of the young men were quite good enough to Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau; Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door† (437). As a result of his behavior and her confinement, the Grierson family becomes the town’s idealized image of what the Old South should be. As a result, the town insists upon Emily maintaining this role even after her father dies and she is left all alone. Miss Emily attempts to break out of this mold by dating Homer Barron and adopting more Northern ideals. â€Å"Her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl, with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows – sort of trag ic and serene† (438), but the town sees her as defying the old order of her class. Her cousins are quickly sent for (by the townspeople) to bring Miss Emily back into her ‘destined’ role. Franz Kafka’s story â€Å"Metamorphosis† centers on the character of Gregor Samsa who wakes up one morning to discover he’s been transformed into the shape of a large bug, possibly a cockroach, which reflects his position in society and the expectations they have for him. It can be argued that Gregor’s transformation is a literal indication of his feelings of separation from humanity, including the members of his own family. Despite waking up to find himself in the form of a bug, Gregor’s primary concern is to get to work so that he can still support his family as he’s been doing for five years. This is the expectation society has placed on him and he has adopted for himself. As he thinks about his condition, he realizes the level of disconnection that has already occurred between

Alwaleed Bin Talal’s Leadership Essay Example for Free

Alwaleed Bin Talal’s Leadership Essay Prince Alwaleed bin Talal is one of the world’s wealthiest investor and businessman. He has been able to gain connection in politics through entrepreneurship and international investments as an entrepreneur. He is a citizen of Lebanon and a member of the royal family, House of Saudi, in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Though not a member of the executive charged with ruling, he usually gets involved in politics of Lebanon for instance in the case of President Emile Lahoud against claims assassinating Lebanese billionaire Rafik Hariri and usually criticizes both local and international political issues in the media. He has so far been unsuccessful in his efforts to lead the Lebanese Sunni community. During Alwaleed’s early ages, his Father Prince Talal Abd al-Aziz, a known activist and modernizer, actively engaged in matters concerning the political issues that existed in the traditional governing system in Saudi Arabia in the early 1960s. He opposed Modern pan-Arabism that was led by the then leader of the United Arab Repulic, Jamal Gamal Abdel Nasser, which resulted to the suspension of his passport. He was forced to seek exile in Egypt. During this period, Alwaleed lived with his mother, Princess Muna al-Sulh who was the daughter of Riyadh al- Sulh, the first Prime Minister of the Independent Lebanon. In his early education, he attended elementary and middle schools in Beirut and returned to Lebanon in 1973 to attend King Abdul Aziz Military Academy to gain more discipline skills. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business administration from Menlo College California in 1979 and later enrolled for a masters Degree in Political Science from Syracuse University (Khan 2005). He rose to international fame in the early 1990s by purchasing a substantial amount of Citicorp shares when then firm was undergoing financial difficulties. He is an established investor and owns a chain of investments worldwide in the major industries such as banking, building and construction companies, telecommunications, broadcasting and media, entertainment, hospitality and involvement in charitable activities across many regions of the world. He also owns a lot of luxurious assets (Khan 2005). According to Machiavelli (2005) leadership qualities must be practical and not ideological in their application. In chapter 15 of The Prince, that leadership quality should be determined through consideration of personality traits, character and how a person conducts himself. A successful ruler must know when, where and in what way an upright person will act when confronted with different situations. Alwaleed has been able to demonstrate all these leadership qualities which are evident in the different criteria’s he employed in his investment activities throughout his life. He invested in shares of America’s Citicorp at the time when every investor was pulling out their capital from the firm and at a time when it neared its collapse due to bankruptcy, a decision that elicited mixed reactions across the world. Machiavelli talks of qualities that a leader must posses on those things which politicians or Princes must do that might either be praised or blamed in the end. He clearly differentiates the two categories in which a leader must apply specific ideologies. Machiavelli identifies the world that we live in as a kind of world of forms and which contains imperfect alternatives that are required in the world of ideas. Alwaleed seemed to recognize the world of ideas and did things that other people in the world of forms thought that they were impossible to happen. Upon his return after completion of his Master’s degree, he invested in the banking sector by purchasing shares in the United Saudi Commercial Bank. This move enabled the bank to gain enormous returns in terms of market value and also enabled the Bank to merge with Saudi Cairo Bank. His fortunes increased immensely through these risky but strategic business ventures. These elicited admirations from financial strategists across Asia and other parts of the world. Economic observers in the Saudi Kingdom and from other parts of the globe recognized his efforts and Alwaleed was thus chosen by the King as an advisor on economic matters. This enabled him improve on his unique strategic approaches to expansion of his business empire (Khan 2005). Â  Alwaleed’s character has been influenced through his grand father King Abd al-Aziz and the first prime minister of independent Lebanon who were all honest, upright and generous in their actions. They got a lot of respect and loyalty from the entire kingdom. All these characters can be displayed through his successful ventures and the ways in which he related to the people. His sudden amassment of wealth in a short period of time has led certain institutions to question the source of his wealth. According to the Economist online, Alwaleed is suspected to be a front man of other investors in the Saudi Arabian kingdom. All his sources of income are questioned and an account of his possible worth is calculated and the conclusion is that the source of his wealth is unquestionable because his business could not be in a position to accumulate such volume of wealth in a short period of time. Machiavelli’s leadership principle requires that a leader must engage in activities that may seem inappropriate, eliciting malicious interests and those that will require him to commit unethical ethics so long as it leads him to obtain success and power. What matters is the end result, the means doesn’t apply. Alwaleed was able to achieve success and power irrespective of the means he employed to achieve his success. His experience from the risky venture has enabled him to acquire riches and build business empires in addition to gaining international respect and recognition through investing in long-term projects (Machiavelli 17). Machiavelli on chapter 13 and 14 in the Online Literature Library the character of a Prince on matters concerning mercenaries and armies is discussed. They should be loyal to the ruler in fighting for the battle. In chapter 14, Machiavelli advises the prince to focus on the war and avoid other issues that pertains military matters. He should gain knowledge to enable him to maintain power stronghold throughout the battle. Prince Alwaleed was prepared in military matters after having attended King Abdul Aziz Military Academy and was prepared to lead incase he found his chance to the throne. He was therefore armed to be safe lest he is threatened by opposing forces to his power. This enabled him to gain trust from the King and thus he found a position in the cabinet and became the Kings Economic advisor. Bridging the East and Western Worlds Alwaleed fame is recognized internationally through his involvement in bridging the Arab world and the Western worlds. He has been involved in Islamic studies programs across Universities in the United States and other parts of the Globe. According to Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Islamic Studies Program at Harvard University, prince Alwaleed is committed to the fostering the importance of peace and tolerance. They assert that the best way to achieve this is through the bridging of the understanding between the East and the West. He is also committed in making the world a better place. He is the champion representative of UNESCO and also supports charities for children. Â  He engages in cultural activities aimed at promoting mutual understanding. The prince also has funded an educational centre at Georgetown University that aims at improving understanding between Islamic and Christian religions. Other initiatives include cross cultural educational institutions in Europe, Africa and the Middle-East. This shows a connection with the qualities of a leader cited by Machiavelli. On generosity and miserliness, a leader is supposed to spend excess amounts of his fortune on things that will improve or heighten his publicity but by doing so keep in mind the consequences that might befall him in the event that his fortune dwindles (Machiavelli 14). Chapter 18 tells the things that a politician must do which concerns his faith. Alwaleed has been able to extend his religion to the western world through funding foundations that touch on his Islamic religion. In this chapter Machiavelli asserts that private morality should prevail over public life and in order to be successful, praise must come from other human beings even if it means doing things are wrong in different perspectives. Rulers must therefore be generous in utilizing their wealth and appear tough on running their businesses even if it means using cruelty. He has stood strong on his word of Bridging the east and west and has stood strong in his faith.

Gay African American on TV Essay -- Social Issues, Gender Roles

Historically, the representation of gay, African-American men on television has fallen short of the mark . We have seen â€Å"sissies, faggots and finger-snapping queens† sashaying across the screen, feminizing and marginalizing African-American men by these racially insensitive and homophobic caricatures. In this paper I examine the characters: Keith Charles of HBO’s Six Feet Under, Omar Little of HBO’s The Wire, Lafayette Reynolds of HBO’s True Blood, and Julien Lowe of FX’s The Shield and how their characters manifest their masculinity. The three characters that appear on HBO shows are portrayed as strong, masculine, openly gay men. Only Lowe, the sole African-American gay man who has appeared on a basic cable hour-long television drama is a closeted gay character. Since the â€Å"out† characters appear on HBO and the closeted character appears on basic cable, is it possible that an audience who can afford to pay for HBO is tolerant of t he representation of masculine gay men while an audience watching on basic cable is not tolerant of that representation? Or is HBO’s marketing campaign, â€Å"It’s not TV, it’s HBO† an experimentation with â€Å"genre, coupled with their strategy of distancing themselves from broadcast television culminating in a distinguishable brand name and a noticeable schism between pay cable and broadcast television† (Jaramillo 60). Or rather, is the HBO audience one that is able to pay for a subscription to HBO, just gazing at these characters? Are these characters just a twist on the â€Å"big black buck† stereotype for a post-modern audience – one comfortable with explorations of masculine, racialized, gay desire? HBO’s marketing certainly attempts to position itself as a step above broadcast TV, airing programming that is de... ...hough he is tall and strong, Julien’s masculinity is policed aggressively and violently by his peers. When the rumor spreads that Julien is gay, his fellow officers, beat and intimidate him. Despite his stature, Julien quietly submits to their threats and intimidation. Quite literally, Julien’s masculinity is â€Å"policed† by his fellow police officers. Much like Patricia Hill Collins’ assertion about controlling images and that representations of black women as mammies and matriarchs work as â€Å"powerful ideological justifications† for â€Å"intersecting oppressions of race, class, gender and sexuality† (p. 69) the same can be applied to the controlling images of black male masculinity, â€Å"the â€Å"faggot and the queen†. Controlling images function to justify various oppressions by distorting reality through reducing the stereotyped subjected black body to a controllable object.

Managing Change in a workplace

IntroductionManaging change in a workplace is usually instigated by any business organization so as to enhance its production purposes as well as service delivery. Therefore, change by the management necessitates a systematic planning and receptive implementation and consultation need to be carried out comprising the persons who are going to be involved by such anticipated changes. However, it should be noted change should not be forced since it may not bring the desired results to the organization.It is therefore important to initiate change measures which have to be realistic, achievable and quantifiable; such factors are significant particularly when bearing in mind individual change in management practices. Research indicates that individuals alter their ways particularly when they are persuaded to do so; therefore, for effective change to be achieved charismatic leaders should be encouraged to take up the roles of change agents in an organization. (Barbara and Jocelyne, 2006)Dis cussionFirms operate in highly uncertain environment and therefore change is inevitable in order to remain focus and prosper in there business undertakings. In the current business environment it has turn out to be more and more essential for different industries to embrace the concept of change and in particular its technology, innovation and marketing strategies so as   to sustain competitive advantage in order to prosper.Rivalry and demand in high quality goods and services has resulted to business environments to be incredibly dynamic in that it necessitates active businesses and systems to present successful reactions to such uncertain business environments by incorporating changes in such organizations in order to cope with such uncertain environments.Change is any business organization is something definite so that the industry in question can cope with new technologies and challenges that crop up with time. For instance, over the past International Business machines (IBM) was faced with high rivalry from its competitors which resulted to decrease of its market shares and thus low profitability margins.Despite the fact that, change concept is a risky business venture for any industry, research reveals that approximately 70% of new changes carried out by different industries succeed and it has proved to be vital to the success of such industries over the long run. IBM had to undergo organization changes despite the fact that it is a risky venture. IBM changed it managerial operations because of the exterior demands and forces; IBM therefore had to appraise its strategic choices so as to generate new and viable objectives that could ultimately increase the industry’s productivity levels. (Palmer and Akin, 2006)To carry out such new changes, IBM management selected the â€Å"Director image† of change to guide the firm in implementing such changes. The director was selected because the image allows the managers to go through the projected al terations by following required procedures through the cycles of suggested changes jointly with the human resources that are concerned for instance analysis of such changes, unfreezing and executing the changes.Furthermore such image of change offers the managers high control in planning the procedure of changes and also on implementing them. This ensures that the managers are in responsible of the activities and are able to ensure that the process is well followed and maintained. This ensures that the proposed changes are effectively implemented. The other advantage of this image of change is that it views results from the proposed changes as certainly achievable and thus does not leave room for doubts.In order to remain international and aggressive on the marketplace IBM had to put into practice some business improvement changes in the industry.   IBM therefore considered quality when it embarked on making changes in the business development section. IBM in the process identifie d certain new business improvement objective and then had to create a business strategy that incorporated the following approaches of development; sales improvement procedures, new product development processes, exploring new markets and structural changes.IBM also initiated improvement changes such as utilization of the concepts of e-commerce, building new and strong strategic alliances and fostered the expansion of distributions channels as well as instigating worldwide development business operations. Another aspect that IBM concentrated on in the past is that of acquiring both small and medium sized companies. IBM implemented all such internal changes in order to improve its market share as well as become a market leader in its industry and thus increase its profitability through increment in sales. (Dyer, 1984)Therefore, the business improvement changes executed by IBM Company to an enhancement in proceeds collections as its sales augmented because of improved market share. IBM Company by introducing such changes was also able to better the quality of its products to global standards as well as producing new products that met the growing needs of consumers.Procter and Gamble is another company that has embraced the concept of change and it is typical pharmaceutical business company which has profound know-how, expertise and established competences in the pharmaceutical industry. The company has effectively produced and sold a broad array of quality and new products e.g. Ziac, Enablex, Macrodantin and Asacol among other prescription products for the last twenty five years in the market.The company has consolidated or strengthen its market by gaining advantage over it’s main rivals in the market through meeting the needs of its customers, offering quality prescription products, employing competent employees, excellent management practices and through employing viable marketing strategies for example diversification thus expanding its market share.Pro cter and Gamble management have formulated business strategies that have in the process aided the company in increasing its sales. For example, the company has opted to market its products in particular segments in which it perceives to have competitive edge among its rivals rather than competing across the entire pharmaceutical market which was there initial strategy. This strategy has been enhanced by vigorous advertising campaigns by the company and the management have been able to monitor its products in the market thus they have concentrated more on those products which the customers buy frequently. (Clark and McKenny, 1995)Another change of business strategy that the company has utilized is that of utilizing the concept of technological changes brought about as a result of globalization. Since globalization has become a contemporary form of carrying out business, the concept of e-commerce has enabled the company market its products in its various markets without getting involv ed in tedious activities like traveling.For example through the internet, the company has been able to track and monitor the performance of its products in various countries and thus enabling them to make viable decisions on which markets to be done away with and which to retain. The company is also accredited with using advance marketing techniques for example over-the-counter method enhanced by the concept of internet marketing.Procter and Gamble Company have also focused on pricing strategies that have attracted many consumers of its products unlike in the past they used to focus only on quality of the products. In essence, the company’s change is that of trying to be a low cost producer in the pharmaceutical industry. Human resource being the most important asset in any organization, the employees of Procter and Gamble have also experienced new changes for instance the company has built a new motivation systemThe company has focused too on improving the welfare of its emp loyees in order to achieve good results from them. The company is also accredited with good and effective forecasting techniques for example they have utilized time series technique of extrapolating the future sales of the company’s products. Procter and Gamble too have transformed its revenues to free cash stream in front of intentions and thus they have outpaced its rivals in the market. (Maund, 2001)Despite the intense market rivalry, Procter and Gamble as a result of such changes in its operations it have diversified its products to many nations globally and in the process the management of the company has developed the best contemporary association accredited with unsurpassed competence in logical or scientific expansion and selling of its products. We can therefore deduce that the company has been successful and will continue to strive in the long-term by maintaining its overall growth regardless of the increasing outlay and the ever challenging competitive setting in t he pharmaceutical industry because of the changes they have effected. (Clark and McKenny, 1995)ConclusionHuman resource management plays a big part in achieving organizational change in order to guarantee effectiveness and efficiency in production purposes. Theoretical approaches should be applied in organizational learning in order to provide potential managers with adequate knowledge and skills on managing change. Organizational change has to be incorporated in all organizations and such changes can either be planned or unplanned depending on the state of affairs facing the organization.In this respect therefore, there is a greater requirement for this concept of organizational change because it forms the basis of success if it is put into practice well in any organization. This can be done by external or the internal change agents who are modernization agencies. These change agents have got various roles and challenges in the initiation of change in organizations. (Murray and Sch oonover, 1988)There are psychological and social psychological factors of individuals within the organization which affect individual responses to organizational change. All these have to be analyzed and managed in case they are affecting the change negatively. When they are affecting positively then they have to be enhanced. There are group and inter-group processes that are carried out in organizational change. All these issues if implemented excellently will result to the accomplishment of goals in organizations’ day to day operations. For any change to be successful the parties involved have to liaise together in order to form the whole part of anticipated changes. Therefore, change processes should be steady and ought to be sustained by facts, and statistics to support the desired change. (Timothy, 1996)ReferenceBarbara, S and Jocelyne, F. (2006): Organizational Change. 3rd Edition; Prentice HallClark, T. and McKenny, J. (1995):   Procter and Gamble- Improving consumer value through process redesign, Harvard Business School, Boston.Dyer, W, (1984): Strategies for Managing Change. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, IncMaund, L. (2001): An Introduction to Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice: Macmillan, PalgraveMurray, D. and Schoonover, S. (1988): Changing Ways: A Practical Tool For Implementing Change Within Organizations. New York, New York: AMACOM, A Division of American Management Association.Timothy, G. (1996): The Human Side of Change. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers.Palmer, I. and Akin, G. (2006): Managing organizational change; a multiple perspectives approach, McGraw- Hill Irwin

Philosophy of an Slp

Danielle Williams SPED 299 My Philosophy of Speech-Language Pathology My Philosophy of Speech-Language Pathology I believe that babies, toddlers, teenagers, adults, and elderly, many of them are afflicted with a speech impediment, there often seems to be a little hope. Many of these individuals are children, or cast out of society as young adults. Many are sent to doctors and specialists who try to determine what is wrong with them. On occasion, they will meet a person who can help them, and ultimately, change their life for the better.This person is a Speech-Language Pathologist. I want to help individuals that have speech disorders. Many individuals believe that speech-language pathology it has its merits; however there are a few noisy people who believe that speech pathology is a useless ambition. They believe that children suffering from a speech disorder will eventually grow out of it. Children will not eventually grow out of an speech disorder. My heart is with this particular profession.I want to help the kids and adults that has a speech disorder, care those individuals, and make sure they get the proper treatment needed for their disorder. The patients often suffer from a wide variety of problems: late development, cleft palate, hearing loss, mental retardation, brain damage, stroke, or emotional problems. I am very compassionate about this profession. An SLP work in early intervention is complex, challenging, and rewarding. In many ways, each day is different from the next.They have several roles and responsibilities, including (1) participating in assessments to determine whether or not a child is eligible for early intervention services, (2) home visits — working with infants and toddlers and their families in their natural environment (usually their home), and (3) leading a therapeutic play group two mornings a week. The children that I work with are all under the age of three years old. They are eligible to receive early intervention servic es either because they have significant developmental delays or because they and/or their families have at least four environmental risk factors.These environmental risk factors include â€Å"child characteristics,† such as extremely low birth weight, extended hospital stays, and chronic feeding difficulties, and â€Å"family characteristics,† including homelessness, substance abuse in the child's home, and violence in the home. Most of the children that an SLP work with have significant developmental delays. These include, but are not limited to, receptive and expressive language delays, autism spectrum disorders, hearing loss, Down syndrome, and Global Developmental Delay.An SLP generally see about five families per day for home visits and assessments. They collaborate with co-workers during assessments, because they do those in groups of three in order to have a multi-disciplinary team. A typical assessment would include (an SLP), a social worker, and a special educ ator. On the days that an SLP lead the therapeutic play group, that takes up the entire morning, and They usually schedule a couple of home visits or an assessment in the afternoon.

Analysis Of One Perfect Rose Essays - Literature, Poetic Form

Analysis Of One Perfect Rose Essays - Literature, Poetic Form Analysis Of One Perfect Rose In her poem One Perfect Rose, Dorothy Parker misleads the reader throughout the first and second stanzas into believing this poem is a romantic tribute to a tender moment from her past through her word choice and style of writing. However, the tone of the entire poem dramatically changes upon reading the third and final stanza when Parker allows the reader to understand her true intention of the poem, which is a cynical and perhaps bewildered view of the memory. And, with this shift in the tone in the third stanza, there is a shift in the meaning of the entire poem, leading the reader to believe that the first two stanzas were not, in fact, sweet but instead a sarcastic and bitter account of this past moment. In the first stanza, Dorothy Parker uses specific words to create a double meaning. She uses words like tenderly, pure, and perfect to describe both the rose and its sender. The words directly influence the readers initial reaction to the poem, as does the way in which she writes the poem. The stanza has four lines with every other line rhyming (ABAB format). It is short and sweet with a melodic quality in its reading. This musical quality definitely helps to lull the reader into the belief that the poems intention is to come across as a romantic recollection. However, in reading the poem through a second time, equipped with the knowledge of its true bitter notions, the reader sees what is purposely hidden but directly affects the overall tone. Parker mentions first and foremost the fact that this gentleman sent her a single flowr and ends the stanza with the phrase one perfect rose. There is a repetition here that at first the reader passes off as her noting the delicacy of the solitary flower. Upon reading the last stanza, it is realized that she is actually pointing out the fact that the only thing she received was one flower-thats it. And, although there is a melodic quality to the rhythm to this poem, this rhythm accentuates the abruptness of her speech. She cuts lines off and speaks in short fragmented sentences. This, again, is something that is not noticed in the first read-through, but it does stand out after this initial reading. It almost seems as if Parker could not be bothered to spend too much time on the poem: its as if it was not worth the time or the effort. The second stanza is similar in content to the first. There are words Parker uses to deceive the reader at first- fragile, heart, love, and perfect. There are again four lines to the stanza with the odd and the even lines rhyming. And, of course, there are those words that the reader misses the first time reading it through. Her use of the word floweret is a perfect example of this. She cunningly makes a show of the fact that this is one, single flower by itself, but because the word rhymes with the word amulet two lines down, this mocking goes unnoticed. As does her the true meaning of the line Love long has taken for his amulet. Using this rose as the unknown gentlemans call sign at first seems cute. Superman has his S, this gentleman has his One perfect rose. The reader comes to realize that this symbol is not an honorable one. In the third and final stanza, Parker really shines the light on her true intention for this poem. She continues with the same format as the previous two stanzas, four lines with every other line rhyming and short, fragmented lines. However, her real feelings come out loud and clear in this stanza where they did not in the first two. She did not want that one, singe rose. She wanted more, perhaps one perfect limousine. Here not only does she inform us what she wanted; she mocks what she did receive. Each line ends with the line One perfect rose, including the last stanza. And. In using the phrase one perfect limousine she makes her feeling completely obvious. The rose was unnecessary and unwanted. Using it three time over in the same phrase

MLA Referencing †Citing an Edited Book (Proofread My Paper)

MLA Referencing – Citing an Edited Book MLA Referencing – Citing an Edited Book MLA referencing offers a simple way of citing sources in a college paper. However, for an edited book, there are some rules you need to remember, especially on the â€Å"† page. First, though, let’s take a quick look at citing sources in the text. In-Text Citations When citing something from an edited book in MLA, give the surname of the author of the section cited and the relevant page number(s) in parentheses: Communication can influence an individual’s expectations (Smith 253). As with other source types, you do not need to repeat the name of the author in citations when they’re already named in the text: According to Smith, communication is â€Å"one of the means by which an individual can influence another individual’s expectations† (253). The only time you’ll need to cite the editor or editors is when citing an edited volume as a whole, but this would be unusual most of the time. The Page (Chapter from an Edited Book) MLA requires that all sources cited are listed in a â€Å"† page at the end of your document. When citing a single chapter from an edited book, the format to use is: Author Surname, Forename. â€Å"Chapter Title.† Edited Book Title, edited by Editor’s Name, Publisher, Year, Page Range. As such, the essay used in the examples above would appear as: Smith, John W. â€Å"Communication and Expectations: A Social Process and the Cognitive Operations It Depends Upon and Influences.† Readings in Animal Cognition, edited by Mark Bekoff and Dale Jamieson, MIT Press, 1996, pp. 243-55. The Page (Multiple Chapters) This format differs slightly if you’re citing several chapters from the same edited book, as MLA referencing allows you to cross-reference entries to save repeating information. This involves first adding a separate entry in the â€Å"† list for the volume as a whole: Editor Surname, Forename, editor(s). Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. If a book has multiple editors, you only need to invert the names of the first author. We would therefore list Readings in Animal Cognition as: Bekoff, Mark and Dale Jamieson, editors. Readings in Animal Cognition. MIT Press, 1996. After this, each essay from the edited volume can be listed separately, mentioning the editor(s) of the edited book and page range to show where they come from: Bekoff, Mark and Dale Jamieson, editors. Readings in Animal Cognition. MIT Press, 1996. Gruen, Lori. â€Å"Gendered Knowledge? Examining Influences on Scientific and Ethological Inquiries.† Bekoff and Jamieson, pp. 17-27. Smith, John W. â€Å"Communication and Expectations: A Social Process and the Cognitive Operations It Depends Upon and Influences.† Bekoff and Jamieson, pp. 243-55. Thornhill, Randy. â€Å"The Study of Adaptation.† Bekoff and Jamieson, pp. 107-27. Finally, remember to maintain alphabetical order by surname throughout your â€Å"† page. This order must be used even if it means that chapters from an edited book aren’t listed together.

Write a letter of complain to a local newspaper Essay

Write a letter of complain to a local newspaper - Essay Example It is not even clear whether he had made indecent images of children out of the material already available in the Internet, or whether he has taken indecent photos/videos of children and used it as pornography. If this was the case, it remains to be seen whether he could be charged of pedophilia as well, after analyzing the extent to which the images reflect his psychological disposition. After the first two sentences which refer vaguely to the incidents which could have led to the Fire Chief’s resignation, the article sticks to the official version of the event. It is obvious that the persons who are in charge of the investigation are trying to save the convict’s face. The stress on the phrase â€Å"personal reasons† when explaining his resignation shows the ambiguity that runs through the report. It is evident that there is a lot of pressure from high offices to suppress the matter as much as possible, though it has become inevitable to report the untimely resignation of some at a very reputable position. Quite paradoxically, the news that is supposed to deface the Fire Chief has ended up being a paean to his glorious years of service and the accolades and praise he has received. Genuine readers could wonder whether this is a newspaper report about the Fire Chief who had to quit his job after serious charges of pornography, or a transcript of s ome speech given during his retirement. It seems highly probable that the newspaper has just made use of the material that they had already prepared as a note on his retirement, or, forgive my saying this, as an obituary. Such is the carelessness with which the whole affair has been treated that there is no relation between the headline and the article, except for the first two sentences and the wild guesses that the readers are prompted to make. I am in fact disturbed by the double standards newspapers in general show towards issues

Management Control and Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Control and Audit - Essay Example Management accounting at present mainly includes managerial control techniques and auditing. In statistical concept and probability theory, the term ‘Variance’ is of great significance. Standard costing is used as a control technique. It refers to the preparation of standard costs and application of these in order to measure the variations from standard costs and analyze the causes of variations to maintain maximum efficiency in production. Such data is presented to management by means of variance analysis. Variances among price and efficiency are important in standard costing. Material price variance means, the part of material cost variance which is due to the difference between standard price and the actual price paid. Price variances will occur due to- Price variance is mainly related with the material concepts, where as efficiency variance is mostly related with labor concepts. Efficiency variance in relation to labor means, that portion of labor cost variance which arises due to the difference between standard hours specified for the actual output and the actual hours spent. Price variance is for the material purchased, and the efficiency variance is on for the direct labor. â€Å"Price variance is the difference between actual unit price and standard unit price, multiplied by actual quantity of input used. It reflects a change between the expected price and actual price of input. Price Variance = (Actual Price - Standard Price) x Actual Quantity where a positive result indicates an increase in costs (i.e., an unfavorable variance), while a negative result means a reduction in costs (i.e., a favorable variance).† (Business Definition For: Price variance. 2007). In case of an organization, there are mainly two types of control: budgetary control and financial control. Budget and budgetary control are related concepts in the theoretical aspects of Cost and

Analyse the market for Tesco Groceries within the UK Essay

Analyse the market for Tesco Groceries within the UK - Essay Example Founded in 1924, Tesco is the largest retailer in the UK market as well as the largest UK based international supermarket chain with 1,780 stores in the UK and 586 outlets internationally. The company which originally focused on food retailing has now expanded in to retailing of clothing, household electronics, fincial services, internet and telecommunications. Company is displaying tremendours financial performance with over 15% growth in its revenue reaching  £ 34 billion in year 2005 and a widely publicised operating profit of  £ 2 billion. With over 1780 stores spread across UK and a strong presence in Ireland and a host of other countries, with its 586 international outlets, Tesco retail operations employ over 240,000 employees. The UK supermarket segment operates on a highly differentiated platform where the segmentation is done on customer profiles, geographic locations as well as product and image offer of each player. The focus on differentiation in the industy is evident in the total expenditure of  £150 million on advertising by key players. Tesco initially positioned itself on â€Å"Best Value† platform and based its operations on the principle of "Pile it high, sell it cheap" approach of the founder Jack Cohen. While this positioning attracted the lower income classes, it created a cheap image of the company and alianated the middle class consumers. To counter this negtive image, the company revised its approach to "inclusive offer" a phraseused by Tesco to describe its aim of catering to all stratas of income gorups from the same stores (Tesco.com 2005) . Under this approach the company offers â€Å"Finest and Luxuary† range as well as low priced â€Å"Value† range to cater t o varying disposable income levels of its differentiated customer bases. The company also differentiate its outlets through five formats, which differ in shop floor size and the range of products sold. These

The Plastic Waste And Management Methods Environmental Sciences Essay

The Plastic Waste And Management Methods Environmental Sciences Essay This dissertation contributes new and unique evidence to the debates surrounding plastic waste management options and their effects on the environment. A recurring theme in the debates around plastic waste management system is the extent to that whether the plastic waste disposal options give genuine benefits to the environment. Often, criticizers of the strategy drive towards larger plastic recycling assert that the act of recycling could be in fact has less or no benefit to the environment, consuming extra energy in the collection and transportation of plastic waste to the recycling facilities than is saved by the procedure of recycling. In order to notify this debate in details, this dissertation commissioned a key international LCAs studies. By reviewing considerable international studies, and employing rigorous criteria to filter out those studies that have less robust methodology and assumptions, after the number of studies screened 11 state of the art LCAs were selected for methodical study, including disparate scenarios. The result is more objective oriented analysis of the environmental encounters of different waste management methods for Plastics waste than one single study can deliver. Through the use of past LCAs, it investigates both plastic waste disposal options and environmental effect of the activities of plastic waste management by using meta and statistical analytical methods. Research methodology also considered, setting up a framework to review and selection restricting criteria for LCA studies. In so doing it provides the waste management methods performances with regards to environmental indicators. Persuading plastic methods have been chosen to comparing options :Landfilling, recycling, incineration and pyrolysis performances with regards to perusing environmental impact indicators: climate change, depletion of natural resources, energy demands and water consumption. This dissertation focuses on recycling, incineration, landfilling and pyrolysis that are plastic waste disposal methods and their performance concerning climate change, depletion of natural resources, energy demand, and water consumption that are environmental impacts indicators. By reviewing past LCAs, it investigates plastic waste management options and environmental effect of the activities involved. For selection of LCA studies restricting selection criteria are developed. Meta analytical methods were adapted to synthesize and codify the findings of LCAs. Codified data were statistically analysed to calculate mean size effect. It provides the best, intermediately and the worst option concerning environmental performances of plastic waste management methods. The results are clear that all of the studies prop the following conclusions:. after comparison between of recycling, land filling, incineration and pyrolysis of waste plastic, Recycling appears to be a preferable management option over alternatives. Whereas, pyrolysis method emerged as a promising option for plastic waste disposal. INTRODUCTION This study grew from a meeting of two interests The authors academic interest in the environment and development issues, and work experience in the field of Polyethylene (PET) plastic. The main objective of this dissertation is is to contribute to the debate concerning the causes of environmental impacts of plastic waste management methods The following section introduces the background and significance of choosing this study area and context of the study. It also outlines the aim and objectives of the dissertation. Additionally, organisation of the whole study will be informed. Finally, justification of the undertakings the present study will be given. Plastics waste, need of a better waste management method and sustainability and plastic will be discussed. 1.1 Plastic waste and management methods Plastic is a durable, versatile material and relatively inexpensive. Plastic products have brought benefits to society in many ways such as quality of life, jobs, and economic activities. However, waste plastic also imposes environmental impacts. In view of the fact that plastic is non-biodegradable, it can remain in the atmosphere for a exceedingly long time and so plastic poses risks to the environment and human health, It is also difficult to reuse and/or recycle in practice (European Commission, 2013a). Many countries are trying to incorporate different strategies to increase plastic recycling rates. According to the Environmental agency (UK), statutory recycling targets have been given to all the local authorities in Wales (2012a). Whereas, in Scotland waste regulations operates without statutory recycling targets, and here funds are available for local authorities to help increase recycling rate(2012b). By making recycling mandatory or funding recycling a difference can be made to global environmental issue that exists because of waste. This dissertation focuses on recycling, incineration, landfilling and pyrolysis that are plastic waste disposal methods and their performance concerning climate change, depletion of natural resources, energy demand, and water consumption that are included as environmental impacts indicators. By using past LCAs findings, it investigates plastic waste disposal options and environmental effect of the activities involved in plastic waste management. 1.2 Aim and objectives of the study: The aim of this research dissertation is to identify environmentally sustainable management options for waste plastics. There will be an attempt to achieve the aim of this study by undertaking following three objectives. Objective 1: By reviewing, the relevant literature to address environmental issues related to the recycling, landfilling, pyrolysis and incineration. In addition to environmental indicators that are included in the study: climate change, depletion of natural resources, energy demand, and water consumption evaluating international processes to recommend the best legislation, policies and practices. Objective 2: Objective two is to set up a framework for LCA selections. Once LCA studies are retained Meta analytical methods will be applied to synthesize the findings of selected LCAs. Further, use of Meta synthesis for the codification of the LCA findings. Finally, statistically analysed the data to calculate mean effect size using Microsoft excel tool. In order to assess the environmental viability of recycling, landfilling, pyrolysis and incineration for waste plastics through appraisal of included environmental indicators. Objective 3: The presentation of the codified data sample will take place in this objective. Codified data will be statistically analysed using Microsoft excels (2010). To present in the form of histograms and charts, four management options will be assessed under each environmental indicator based on the results of each selected LCA study. To find out which one of the four waste management methods emerges as the best option regarding each or environmental indicator performances. 1.3 Justification of the study: Plastic waste management and its environmental implications are a majorly important issue and one of the major research topics of many governmental and environmental entities such as NAPCOR, DEFRA, WRAP, Recoup, Environmental Protection Agencies(EPAs) of majorities of countries and United Nation(UN). WRAP (2006) and Villanueva et al (2004). For instance,published a major preliminary environmental impact analysis of a different type of waste materials including plastic and comparison of recycling, incineration and land filling by reviewing international LCAs and the conclusion of that research is recycling offers more environmental benefits than alternatives. This research considered as high quality and information shared by UN and US EPA. However, there have been many waste management option emerged since WRAP report been published such as pyrolysis and gasification, Efw informs Jowit (2010). What is different in this study is the inclusion of pyrolysis, which as a new method was not included in WRAP (2006) and Villanueva et al (2004). Second gap that is addressed is the inclusion of one of the environmental indicators -water consumption in the impact studies, this indicator previously ignored by WRAP (2006) where the concentration is on Climate Change, Energy demand and Depletion of natural resources. To investigate and address these gaps the author will undertake past LCA studies. Findings of LCAs will present this in a new way. Additionally, the decision to use a meta- analysis approach originated from United Nations Development Program (UNDP) report on review of past LCA using Meta analysis (2012).however, LCA selecting criteria were not used in UNDP research, which is otherwise adopted in this present study to ensure quality of the result. This study will also try to find out whether recycling is environmentally, sustainable option for plastic waste as claimed by past studies or will emerging technologies will prove to be a better option. This report will also attempt to identify data gap in the literature review and recommend if there is a need for further research in the specific area for future researchers. 1.4 Organisation of the study: The research structure includes four sections. Firstly, Literature review section that will review the existing literature that is related to four waste management options, continuously building towards the significance of environmental sustainability of plastic waste management methods. Additionally, to give broader understanding of included environmental indicators will be studied. Review of international policies, legislation and measures that are pertaining to plastic waste management methods and environmental indicators. The main purpose of this section is also to identify a data gap in the literature. Secondly, by reviewing waste management methods author will try to find out which is the acknowledged environmentally sustainable plastic waste disposal option. Secondly, methodology section will describe adapted methods for data collection where data will be collected for this study to illustrate the broader issues of preceding sections concerning environmental impacts of existing waste management options. This section will explain rigorous criteria applied for selection of data sample. Meta analytical method steps used for codification will be outlined. Followed by systematic adaptation of statistical analysis using Microsoft excel to calculate mean effect size will be informed. Thirdly, presentation and interpretation of the results that are obtained from the analysis of data will take place. Based on the findings, discussion will take place in this section followed by recommendations to future researchers. Finally, the conclusion will employ findings of the dissertation and discussion as a reference in this section and research questions will be answered. More importantly, main aim and all the objectives in connection with the findings of this dissertation will be addressed in the conclusion section. Summary This section provides information that undertaken study area is vital and problematic. Justifications have been given for undertakings of this study along with the gap in existing knowledge have been addressed where evidence has been given of previous studies further role of this dissertation findings was informed. Organisation of this study has been informed. This section also informed the significance sustainability to justify inclusion of environmentally sustainability in this study area. Following section will review the known literature in accordance with existing plastic waste management methods and identify its environmental implications. It will also assess proposed policies, proven strategies those are originally introduced to help enhance present environmental conditions; summarisation of real life case studies and learned examples will be noted in the following section by introducing and reviewing items of previous research in the area. LiTeRATURE REVIEW This section is an attempt to achieve the objective one. The following section divided into three parts, First section addresses plastic waste management methods: landfilling, recycling, pyrolysis and incineration. Secondly, environmental indicators: climate Change, depletion of natural resources, energy demands and water consumptions that are used in the study as a benchmarking to compare each waste management method performances. Finally, provides an overview of the international strategies and policies applied in practice. Key sources used for this study are reports of Government Agencies: WRAP, DEFRA and EU and internationally United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) along with published international scientific databases and journals from Springer, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and ScienceDirect. This represents a combination of sources including Governmental Agencies and academic authors. In addition, the webpage of the European Commission was searched for studies commissioned as input to EU policies. Plastic waste problem description: Broulidakis Martà ­nez (2012) noted that waste is not treated as worthless garbage anymore, it is instead believed as a re. Nevertheless, what is happening with the resources? Treating waste sustainably is a crucial issue. Identifying whether or not waste is been managed in a way that is betterment for environment, society and it should be economical as well. This chapter will find an answer to those questions by reviewing already known literature. It will also try to identify which one is the known environmentally sustainable method for plastic waste by reviewing published articles, studies and set of research. It was stated by Tehrani et al., in 2009 that there is no a solitary knowledge of a single technology that can resolve the waste associated issues. In order to provide a broader understanding of this issue, following section will discuss the existing plastic waste management options to gain a better understanding of the processes related to waste management and their environmental effects. 2.1 Waste management methods and their environmental impacts The following section addresses methods that are in use for the management of plastic waste include Landfill, Incineration, Pyrolysis and Recycling along with their environmental impacts are discussed now in details. 2.1.1 Landfill A landfill is a one of the waste management methods in which solid wastes are disposed in a manner that limits their encounter on the environment. According to the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) Landfilling is the complex system of interrelated material and sub system that act together to break down and stabilize disposed waste overtime (2004). Landfill is extremely old disposal method, but yet one of the utilized one for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. Apart from taking large area of land it also generate odour, bio-aerosols, visual disturbance and lead to the release of hazardous chemicals through the leachate which is the liquid that drains or leaches from a landfill sites. Emission of greenhouse gas through landfill is due to organic breakdown of disposal of biodegradable including bio plastic waste. European Union Low informed in 2008s issue on the management of bio-waste in the EU countries that Landfill of waste usually entails non-recoverable loss of resources and land. Since landfill, sites can normally not be used after closure for scientific engineering and/or health risk reasons and in the medium to long term. This review of literature found that landfilling is not considered a sustainable waste management solution. 2.1.2 Incineration Incineration is a significant method that avoids the problem of landfilling space problems. In this method, thermal waste treatment procedure takes place where raw or unprocessed plastics waste can be utilized as feedstock. Plastic waste is combusted in different temperature according to the type of plastic and in this period plastic waste modified to carbon dioxide, water and non-combustible materials alongside solid residue state leaves incinerator bottom ash (IBA) that always has contain a small amount of carbon residual (DEFRA, 2012). Published report of the Environment Agency (2002) on the safety of incinerator ash confirms that IBA can be safely used as an aggregate in construction as it contains dioxin levels similar to those found in soils. However, friends of earth review reports argued that the government should give guidance on acceptable contamination levels in construction materials (2002). International Journal of Environment in Comparative study of municipal solid wast e treatment technologies using life cycle assessment method stated that incineration as one of the competent strategies to resolve waste association problems (Zaman, 2010) and its ability to generate heat and energy from the plastic waste. However, considering incineration of plastic waste is solely depending on whether or not energy is recovered (Weiss et.al ,2012)along with other aspects such as quality of fuel and efficiency of energy which varies considerably depending on whether incineration plant delivers electricity, heat or both along with the used technology, for instance, higher efficiencies can be achieved in fuel gas condensation method. However, according to the EUs report (2010) on waste management, the environmental impacts of incinerating plastic waste included greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, Pilz, et al. (2010) in their report on The impact of plastics on life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in Europe informed that in some circumstances, incineration of plastic waste in MSW can result in a net increase in CO2 emissions. It is certain that this process can be helpful in avoided some of the plastic waste problems, but it also has environmental impacts. 2.1.3 Pyrolysis Pyrolysis is an advanced thermal treatment. Interest in pyrolysis has heightened over the past decade, and there is considerable anticipation that this technology will prove to be viable alternatives for dealing with residual fractions municipal waste to assist in compliance with the Landfill diversion elements of the EC Landfill Directive (DEFRA, 2004). Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of waste in the absence of air to produce gas, diesel like pyrolysis oil) or solid (mainly ash, char, and carbon). Zhiru (2001) pointed out difference in pyrolysis oil and diesel and noted that diesel cannot be assumed compatible with pyrolysis fuels (p.80) and remarkably few reports related to the behaviour of materials in pyrolysis fuels are available. Findings of research by Alston and Arnold (2011) informs that pyrolysis is a strong compromise method as compared to Landfill, Recycling and Incineration with their environmental impact categories. As the gases and oil produced in pyrolysis could be used as fuel and so provides significant resource saving without high impact on climate or landfill space. Additionally, Scheirs and Kaminsky (2006) noted, the main advantage of pyrolysis is that allows process of plastic waste which is otherwise difficult to recycle. This process produces reusable products with unlimited market acceptance (p24). This book is helpful in understanding pyrolysis process. However, does not assess environmental impacts of pyrolysis, nevertheless, it has been noted that unlike incineration, there are no environmentally harmful emissions in pyrolysis process (p.598). 2.1.4 Recycling Recycling is considered as one of the classic goals in sustainable waste management system (Bohma et, al 2010). Collected waste plastic are being sent to various market ,due to growing market for recycled plastics which includes closed loop systems for PET bottles. Plastics are also exported to abroad for recycling purpose (Defra, 2012), but it is argued environmental benefits of export overshadow the impact of transportation. Environmental impacts of transportation involved in exportation are high. Recycling can prevent an enormous amount of virgin production, which leads to saving energy, depletion of raw material, reducing GHG emissions including acidification even after considering transportation. However, WRAP (2006) argued that, The accurate impacts are depending on the virgin material being replaced and life span of replaced product. PET is one of the plastics types which is collected the most for recycling (DEFRA,2011b) this type of plastic is been included in the present stu dy. Recycling protects resources embodied in waste plastic however, it is argued by many about the requirement of energy inputs for the transformation process, this lead to environmental impacts. Besides that, not all of plastic types can be recycled. The PET bottle has strong advantages in recycling, however, complex products like composites, low weight articles or those that are contaminated with other products are less favourable to recycling. 2.2 Health impacts of plastic waste recycling There is a risk involved in plastic waste recycling affecting local populations in countries with less rigorous regulations than in the EU (Mudgal et.al 2010). Wong et.al noted that the majority of the cases companies fail to provide appropriate facilities protecting the environment and human health (2007). Such as chipping and melting of plastics in unventilated areas that are not seen in European practice can have negative consequences on human health. One specific case study showed due to incomplete combustion of Waste Electrical, and Electronic Equipment(WEEE) from plastic materials such as PVC and plastic chips there was higher concentrations of heavy metal found in the air of the China (Guiyu region). The study showed high concentrations of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PDBEs) in the air, released from the melting of polymers that contain brominated flame-retardants. Admittedly, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of America have informed that high exposure to PDBEs, which found in the human body, has been linked to, hormone disruption, thyroid permanent learning and memory impairment, behavioural changes, hearing deficits, fatal malformations and possibly cancer (Herbstman et al., 2010). However, human toxicity issue is ignored by environmental impact studies those are based on qualitative studies and the same confirmed by Wollny and European Environmental Bureau (EEB) Brussels(2013) 2.3 Environmental Impacts Indicators The following table explains each of indicators that are included in this study; it also critically analyse policies and measures taken to prevent environmental impact. Indicator Description of Environmental Indictor Description, impact and related worldwide policies Climate Change Climate change is also addressed as globe warming. Globe warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth surface, due to a possible rise in the greenhouse impacts, provoked by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Research published in the journal PLoS Medicine (2012) informs according to a group of European public health experts that climate change could alter patterns of food availability, physical activity and in some cases might bring direct physical harm. Friends of Earth (2007) reported that waste prevention is the most beneficial option from a climate point of view, followed by reuse and recycling; Warhorse and Watson confirm (2006) landfill and incineration are the worse options (p.6) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC, 2013) an international treaty joined by 195 countries, except America. To follow up from Kyoto protocol green house gas emission is seen as the most crucial issue within the field of climate change policies. BBC informed back in 2009 that The America accounts for almost 25% of the worlds total CO2 emission and have received a large amount of criticism for its stance on climate change. Depletion of natural resources Resource depletion described as the cutting potential of all natural resources. The resources believed in this study are mineral and fossil resources. Plastics are made from oil, coal and gas, which are limited natural resources (Australia EPA,2013).majority of plastic bags are made from polyethylene, made up of natural gas, and Plastic is not biodegradable, so all the plastic that has ever been made is stilexist around us today. Most of it is in landfills, if not then floating in the sea. University of Cambridges report on plastic recycling informed that the production of 1 kg of polyethylene (PET or LDPE), requires the equivalent of 2 kg of oil for energy and raw material. Although plastics only consume around 4% of the worlds oil, supplies are becoming depleted. Once depleted these resources cannot be replaced. The depletion of natural resources is becoming a key focus(Karen,2008) This is evident in the UNs Agenda 21 Section 2 which provides the necessary steps to be taken by all countries to sustain their natural resources (2002) Schilling chiang confirms the depletion of natural resources is a sustainable development issue (2011).furthermore, Salvati and Marco (2008) noted in regards to natural resources, depletion is of concern for sustainability as it poses the ability to degrade current environments(p.218) and potential to impact the needs of future generations(p.523) Energy demand Primary energy is obtainable raw energy in nature and is separated into renewable and nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  renewable primary energies. The non renewable are: atomic energy, usual gas, coal, and oil, Renewable is wind energy, solar, biomass and hydraulic. UK department of Energy and Climate Change (2012) informed that the UK has developed Pathways analysis and calculator tool which will help policy makers. Gervet (2007) in his captivating report on the use of crude oil in plastic making contributing to the global warming pointed out that energy consumption in total worldwide plastic production from 1939 till 2004 is 0.59 10 14 kWh (p.5). Plastics Europe informed in order to produce plastic products, energy resources are consumed(2013). Currently energy resources are majorly obtained from non-renewable sources, and when used; greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are produced. Nevertheless, it was established in a study undertaken by GUA/denkstatt in 2004/2005 even more energy would be consumed along with more GHG emission, if plastic products were to be substituted by alternative materials. [Pilz et al., 2005]. Water consumption Water consumption symbolizes to the removal of water from the various origins (rivers, seas, and groundwater) for use by humans. This water is not returned to the origins and sources. According to the UN World Development Report, up to 500 Million Tons of wastes accumulate each year from Industry; most of it goes into the fresh water supply. Also informed some of the developing countries dump 70 % of industrial waste into untreated waters where drinking water gets polluted (2013). Professor Grossman noted back in 2004 that Industrial water use is about 22 %. According to Centre for Science and environment- India, countries all over the world set standards and target for water consumption for industries. China, For instance government push companies to save as much as 6 billion cubic meters of water per year informed in China water conservation Agency report in 2005. Proposed and implemented governmental strategies and policies targeting plastic waste will be discussed in details in the following part of this chapter. 2.4 Policies on plastic waste Plastic waste management goes across a numerous policy fields: along with sustainable management of resources and habitat protection, climate change, agriculture, soil protection and energy, biodiversity. Purpose of this section is to provide an overview of measures taken by Government agencies and environmental protection bodies to reduce the environmental impacts of plastic waste.According to Science for environmental policies ,European commission, (2011) Municipal waste collection and separation is a vital part in all waste management methods, for countries such as Germany, Austria and Sweden where waste management systems are more advanced, and source separated collection rates are already high(Waste Management World, 2013 b).waste management world (2013) reported European Union as the most advanced waste management system. The European exports of plastic waste rose by 250%, reaching 2.27 million tonnes approximately 5 million tonnes are annually recycled in Europe. Some selected counters, policies and measures related to the waste management are discussed in following table Country and Government Agency Introduced, Implemented Policies, Legislation and measures Netherlands Dutch Waste Management Association (DWMA) The Netherland recycle no less than 64% of its waste and the remainder are incinerated with generation of electricity, and a small percentage ends up in landfill. This is a country that is practically unique when consider recycling. Separating waste is the popular environmental measure activity among Dutch people that account for more than 90% of Dutch people involved in this sort of activities. Source: http://www.dwma.eu United State of America National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA) According to a recent study by NSMWA Privatised, waste services signifies cost savings and lower financial risks for municipalities than public sector counterparts d Experiment of using fly ash(recycling toxic)as an additive to produce light weight composite that can be used in the automotive industry is taking place in the New York university. The university researchers claim that it has the potential to keep tons of toxic waste out of landfills while lowering the cost of some of the expensive raw materials. Source: www.environmentalistseveryday.org Qatar Ministry of Environment(MOE) An integrated solid waste treatment in the Qatar, that is the first of its kind in the Middle East. This facility centre has a capacity of treating 2300 tonnes of solid waste per day, along with 5000 tonnes of CD waste. Source: www.moe.gov.qa United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) UK is home to the worlds largest plastics recycling plant. The  £15 million venture by Coca-Cola, WRAP and ethical plastic bottle recycle, ECO Plastics is going to be the worlds largest plastics reprocessing facility. The plant will save about 33, 5000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per Annum that is the equivalent of taking 15,715 cars off the road. Source: www.defra.gov.uk Taiwan EPA Taiwan is planning to excavate about 400 landfills for energy and material recovery, additionally, add bio-energy capacity to its incineration facilities. Environmental Protection administration (EPA)Taiwan Source: www.epa.gov.tw Australia Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities Stewardship Bill have been introduced by the Australian government and of the aim of helping to manage the environmental, and human health. This will demand manufacturers and importers of computers, and TVs to fund and implement national collection and recycling of these products. Source: www.environment.gov.au Example of failure of advanced waste management systems:The increasingly recognized problem of plastic floati